1. Economic Thresholds and Economic Injury Levels
Another of the basic elements, the economic injury level, was defined by Stern et al. as the lowest population density that will cause economic damage. The EIL ...
Larry P. Pedigo Department of Entomology Iowa State University Ames, IA 50011
2. economic injury level - Encyclopedia.com
economic injury level (EIL) The level of pest infestation below which the cost of further reducing the pest population exceeds the additional revenue or ...
economic injury level (EIL) The level of pest infestation below which the cost of further reducing the pest population exceeds the additional revenue or value of other benefits such reduction would achieve. In the case of vectors of life-threatening diseases, the value of saving one human life may be thought to exceed the (probably very high) cost of eliminating the vector totally. This is rarely the case where the damage is purely economic (e.g. Source for information on economic injury level: A Dictionary of Ecology dictionary.
3. Principles of IPM: Economic Thresholds and Injury Levels
i. Definition: The lowest pest density at which economic damage occurs. Where the cost of the control measure is equal to the loss likely to be. inflicted ...
Title: Principles of IPM: Economic Thresholds and Injury Levels
4. Stochastic modeling of economic injury levels with respect to yearly ...
The economic injury level (EIL) is an important concept in crop production and agriculture because it quantifies the cost/benefit ratio that underlies all pest ...
The economic injury level (EIL) concept integrates economics and biology and uses chemical applications in crop protection only when economic loss by pests is anticipated. The EIL is defined by five primary variables: the cost of management tactic per ...
5. [PDF] economic injury level (eil) and economic threshold (et)
the farm exists. Using the environmental. economic injury level: EIL = (C + EC)/VDIK. proposed by Higley and Wintersteen and adding an environmental cost of $0 ...
6. Integrated Pest Management: What Are Economic Thresholds, and How ...
Oct 24, 2018 · The economic injury level increases or decreases as these values change depending on their position within the formula. As the cost of control ( ...
Nick Seiter - Crop Economics - An insect control action (such as spraying an insecticide or planting a corn hybrid that incorporates a Bt trait) is only justified once the population of an insect pest reaches a certain level. This makes sense if you consider how foolish it would be to spray an entire soybean field because you found a single bean leaf beetle. However, determining the critical level of pest activity where a control action is needed can be challenging. Management guidelines for a particular insect pest include a population density, usually referred to as the “action threshold,” that is used to determine if a control tactic is justified. As long as the pest density remains below this threshold no action is needed, but if the insect population density exceeds this level, a control action is recommended. How high or low this level is depends on how much damage can be tolerated, which in turn varies depending on the situation; for example, in the case of a medically important insect such as a mosquito that spreads malaria, there is no level of infection that we could reasonably tolerate. However, in agriculture we can easily determine the value of the product that we are trying to produce, and can set an action threshold based on this value. This is referred to as an economic threshold, and is the basis of integrated pest management recommendations in crop production.
7. Economic Thresholds | NC State Extension
An economic injury level is the lowest population density of a pest that will cause economic damage (Stern et al. 1959).Treatment when economic injury level is ...
Thresholds are a critical part of any integrated pest management (IPM) program. The thresholds presented here are economic thresholds, in which the density of a pest has reached a point at which a management intervention (in this case a pesticide application) is economically justified. An economic threshold should not be confused with the economic injury ...
8. Understanding Economic Thresholds - SERC (Carleton)
Jan 11, 2018 · ANSWER: A: Economic Injury level- the pest damage has caused a significant economic cost or loss in the value and/or quality of the crop; B: ...
Read the following two fact sheets for a description of Integrated Pest Management and the terms that Stern and his colleagues defined in 1959, that are still used today (economic injury level, economic threshold, ...
9. Economics of Pest Control – ENT 425 – General Entomology
The economic injury level is usually expressed as a number of insects per unit area or per sampling unit. Occasionally, when the insects themselves are ...
Simple, descriptive statistics are essential for interpreting data collected in any replicated sampling scheme. Regardless of how data is gathered, whether as continuous measurements (e.g., leaf area consumed), in the form of numerical counts (e.g., number of beetles per plant), as ordinal ratings (e.g., on a scale from 1 to 10), or in binomial form (e.g., presence/absence), there is always some degree of uncertainty about its accuracy. Statisticians call this uncertainty “variance”. It arises both from experimental error (inability to precisely replicate all conditions in each sample) and from the natural variability that is a characteristic of all biological systems (e.g., the number of leafhoppers collected in 25 sweeps at dawn may be quite different from a similar sample taken that evening in the same field). Good sampling strategies are designed to minimize variance in order to give the most reasonable “estimate” of population size.
10. [PDF] Setting Injury - and Action - Levels
Economic injury refers to pest damage that causes monetary loss, e.g. ... Each contact should have a set of clearly defined responsibilities. For instance ...
11. [PDF] Economic Injury Levels in Theory and Practice
We define injury as the effect of pest (insect) activities on host physiology that is usually deleterious; and damage as the measurable loss of host utility, ...
12. Introductory concepts in the study of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
Economic Damage a level of damage caused by insect activity that can be measured as an economic loss. · Economic Injury Level (EIL).
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13. Reviewing Decision Thresholds for Pest Insect Control
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By Jon Tollefson, Matt O’Neal, and Marlin Rice, Department of Entomology Three tools need to be understood in order to make decisions regarding the control of insects found on crops: damage boundary, economic injury level, and the economic threshold. The existing values for these three variables are now being questioned with the increase value of Iowa’s row crops and the cost of controlling the pests. This article reviews the use of these tools in regards to soybean aphid control.
14. Economic injury level - Oxford Reference
The level of pest infestation below which the cost of further reducing the pest population exceeds the additional revenue or value of other benefits such ...
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15. Economic Decision-Making In Integrated Pest Management Part 1
Jun 14, 2019 · The first term is Economic Injury Level (EIL), which can be defined as the number of a specific pest that needs to be present in order to cause ...
While IPM is a blend of art and science where experience and rules of thumb are relied upon heavily, a quality IPM plan can be fine-tuned to meet the specific agro-economic needs of individual farms.